Eric Gillet, a context witness in the trial of Dr. Sosthène Munyemana before the Paris Assize Court, highlighted a recurring claim made by individuals accused of participating in the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda that they had protected Tutsi.
“I don’t know anyone accused of genocide who did not protect Tutsi,” declared Mr. Gillet, drawing on his extensive experience with cases related to the genocide.
The Genocide’s Modus Operandi
Mr. Gillet described the systematic approach used to carry out the genocide, emphasizing the role of the Rwandan state’s administrative pyramid. He explained that the strong culture of obedience in Rwanda made the administrative structure highly effective in executing the killings, with orders meticulously followed along hierarchical lines.
In addition to state institutions, other actors played significant roles. The national radio fueled fear by spreading propaganda that accused the Tutsi of planning to exterminate the Hutu—a tactic known as mirror accusation, where one accuses others of the crimes they themselves are preparing to commit.
The Role of Intellectuals
Gillet identified intellectuals—including politicians, doctors, lawyers, and academics—as key organizers of the genocide. These individuals were particularly instrumental in spreading the genocide to Butare, where the Tutsi prefect, Jean-Baptiste Habyarimana, had managed to maintain calm after April 6, 1994. Intellectuals held meetings, delivered speeches, and collaborated with the interim government to advance the genocidal agenda.
The Circle of Intellectuals of Butare
The court questioned Mr. Gillet about a press release issued by the Circle of Intellectuals of Butare, of which Dr. Munyemana was a member. The press release reportedly supported the interim government’s policies while claiming to favor the Arusha Accords. Gillet expressed skepticism about the claim that the press release opposed the massacres, noting that it was broadcast on Radio Rwanda on April 19, 1994—a platform known for its role in inciting violence.
